.338 Federal vs .338 Lapua: Which Cartridge Reigns Supreme?

Choosing the right cartridge for your rifle can be a daunting task, especially when comparing two powerhouses like the .338 Federal and the .338 Lapua Magnum. This comprehensive guide dives deep into the nuances of .338 Federal vs .338 Lapua, providing you with an expert comparison of their ballistics, performance, ideal uses, and overall value. Whether you’re a seasoned hunter, a long-range shooting enthusiast, or simply curious about these impressive cartridges, this article will equip you with the knowledge to make an informed decision. We’ll explore their advantages and disadvantages, helping you understand which cartridge best suits your specific needs and shooting style. Our aim is to provide unparalleled clarity and expert insight on the .338 Federal vs .338 Lapua debate.

Understanding the .338 Federal: A Modern Hunting Cartridge

The .338 Federal is a relatively new cartridge designed to deliver magnum-like performance in a short-action rifle. Developed by Sako and Federal Cartridge, it essentially necked up the .308 Winchester case to accept a .338 caliber bullet. This results in a cartridge that offers excellent knockdown power on medium to large game, while remaining manageable in terms of recoil and rifle weight. The .338 Federal has gained popularity among hunters who appreciate its versatility and effectiveness in a variety of hunting scenarios. Its shorter action allows for quicker follow-up shots compared to some magnum cartridges.

Key Characteristics of the .338 Federal

* **Cartridge Design:** Based on the .308 Winchester case, ensuring compatibility with many existing rifles.
* **Bullet Diameter:** .338 inches, offering a wide range of bullet weights and designs.
* **Typical Bullet Weights:** Ranging from 180 to 210 grains, providing a good balance of velocity and energy.
* **Muzzle Velocity:** Typically between 2600 and 2800 fps, depending on bullet weight and load.
* **Effective Range:** Suitable for hunting medium to large game out to 400 yards, and potentially further with accurate shooting and proper load selection.

Delving into the .338 Lapua Magnum: The Long-Range King

The .338 Lapua Magnum is a purpose-built long-range cartridge renowned for its exceptional accuracy and devastating terminal performance at extended distances. Developed in the 1980s by Lapua, it was initially designed for military sniper applications. The .338 Lapua Magnum boasts a flatter trajectory, higher retained energy, and superior wind resistance compared to many other cartridges, making it a favorite among long-range shooters, competitive marksmen, and hunters pursuing game at extreme distances. Its reputation for delivering consistent sub-MOA accuracy has solidified its place as a top-tier long-range option.

Key Characteristics of the .338 Lapua Magnum

* **Cartridge Design:** A large, magnum-sized case designed for high-pressure loads and long-range performance.
* **Bullet Diameter:** .338 inches, similar to the .338 Federal, but capable of handling heavier bullets.
* **Typical Bullet Weights:** Ranging from 250 to 300 grains, maximizing ballistic coefficient and retained energy.
* **Muzzle Velocity:** Typically between 2700 and 3000 fps, depending on bullet weight and load.
* **Effective Range:** Capable of reaching out to 1000 yards and beyond with consistent accuracy and terminal performance.

.338 Federal vs .338 Lapua: A Detailed Head-to-Head Comparison

This section provides a comprehensive comparison of the two cartridges across several key performance metrics, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses in different shooting scenarios.

Ballistics and Trajectory

The .338 Lapua Magnum exhibits a significantly flatter trajectory than the .338 Federal, especially at longer ranges. This is primarily due to its higher muzzle velocity and the use of heavier, high-ballistic coefficient bullets. The flatter trajectory of the .338 Lapua Magnum translates to less holdover or dial-in adjustments when shooting at varying distances, making it easier to achieve accurate shots at extended ranges. The .338 Federal, while still offering a respectable trajectory, will experience more bullet drop at longer distances, requiring more precise range estimation and holdover techniques. Expert long-range shooters consistently choose the .338 Lapua for its superior ballistic performance.

Recoil and Rifle Weight

The .338 Federal, being based on the .308 Winchester case, produces significantly less recoil than the .338 Lapua Magnum. This makes it a more comfortable cartridge to shoot, especially for extended periods. The lower recoil also contributes to improved accuracy, as shooters are less likely to flinch or develop bad habits due to excessive recoil. The .338 Lapua Magnum, on the other hand, generates substantial recoil, which can be challenging for some shooters to manage. Additionally, rifles chambered in .338 Lapua Magnum tend to be heavier than those chambered in .338 Federal, further adding to the overall shooting experience. Based on expert consensus, recoil management is a critical factor in long-range accuracy, and the .338 Federal offers a more forgiving platform in this regard.

Effective Range and Terminal Performance

While both cartridges are capable of delivering impressive terminal performance, the .338 Lapua Magnum boasts a clear advantage in terms of effective range. Its higher velocity and heavier bullets allow it to retain more energy at longer distances, ensuring adequate penetration and expansion on the target. The .338 Federal, while effective at shorter ranges, will lose energy more rapidly, limiting its effectiveness on larger game at extended distances. In our experience, the .338 Lapua provides a significant margin of error when hunting at longer ranges, ensuring a clean and ethical kill.

Ammunition Availability and Cost

Ammunition for the .338 Federal is generally more readily available and less expensive than ammunition for the .338 Lapua Magnum. This is due to the .338 Federal’s more common parent case (.308 Winchester) and its wider adoption among commercial ammunition manufacturers. The .338 Lapua Magnum, being a more specialized cartridge, typically commands a higher price point and may be more difficult to find in stock at local retailers. Shooters who plan to shoot frequently or engage in high-volume training may find the .338 Federal to be a more economical option.

Rifle Availability and Cost

Rifles chambered in .338 Federal are generally more affordable and widely available than rifles chambered in .338 Lapua Magnum. This is partly due to the .338 Federal’s compatibility with short-action rifle platforms, which tend to be less expensive to manufacture. The .338 Lapua Magnum, requiring a larger and more robust action, typically commands a premium price. Shooters on a budget may find the .338 Federal to be a more accessible entry point into the world of .338 caliber rifles.

Ideal Uses and Applications

Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each cartridge is essential for determining its ideal uses and applications.

.338 Federal: The Versatile Hunting Cartridge

The .338 Federal excels as a versatile hunting cartridge for medium to large game at moderate ranges. Its manageable recoil, adequate power, and compatibility with short-action rifles make it a popular choice for hunters pursuing deer, elk, and black bear in wooded or mountainous terrain. The .338 Federal is also well-suited for youth or recoil-sensitive hunters who desire a cartridge with more punch than a .308 Winchester but without the punishing recoil of a magnum cartridge. Recent studies indicate that the .338 Federal is gaining popularity among female hunters due to its manageable recoil and effectiveness.

.338 Lapua Magnum: The Long-Range Specialist

The .338 Lapua Magnum shines in long-range shooting scenarios, including hunting at extended distances, competitive shooting, and military sniper applications. Its flat trajectory, high retained energy, and superior wind resistance make it an ideal choice for engaging targets at 1000 yards and beyond. The .338 Lapua Magnum is also well-suited for hunting large, dangerous game at long ranges, where shot placement is critical. Its ability to deliver consistent sub-MOA accuracy makes it a favorite among precision shooters and competitive marksmen.

Product Explanation: The Savage 110 .338 Federal and the Accuracy International AXMC .338 Lapua Magnum

To illustrate the practical differences, let’s consider two popular rifles chambered in these cartridges.

Savage 110 .338 Federal: A Reliable Hunting Rifle

The Savage 110 is a well-regarded bolt-action rifle known for its accuracy, reliability, and affordability. The .338 Federal chambering makes it an excellent choice for hunters seeking a versatile and effective rifle for medium to large game. Its AccuTrigger system allows for precise trigger adjustments, enhancing accuracy and consistency. The Savage 110’s lightweight design and manageable recoil make it a comfortable rifle to carry and shoot in the field.

Accuracy International AXMC .338 Lapua Magnum: The Ultimate Precision Rifle

The Accuracy International AXMC is a world-renowned precision rifle designed for long-range accuracy and durability. The .338 Lapua Magnum chambering makes it a top choice for competitive shooters, law enforcement, and military snipers. Its modular design allows for easy customization and adaptation to different shooting scenarios. The AXMC’s robust construction and exceptional accuracy make it a reliable and effective tool for engaging targets at extreme distances. This rifle stands out due to its unparalleled precision and reliability in demanding long-range scenarios.

Detailed Features Analysis

Let’s break down the key features of each rifle:

Savage 110 .338 Federal Features:

1. **AccuTrigger:** A user-adjustable trigger system that allows for precise trigger pull adjustments, enhancing accuracy and consistency. This allows the shooter to fine-tune the trigger to their preference, promoting better shot control.
2. **Floating Bolt Head:** Ensures optimal cartridge alignment, contributing to improved accuracy and consistent performance. This feature minimizes inconsistencies in the firing process.
3. **Detachable Box Magazine:** Allows for quick and easy reloading, a valuable feature in hunting situations. This enhances the rifle’s practicality in the field.
4. **Lightweight Design:** Makes the rifle comfortable to carry and handle in the field, reducing fatigue during long hunts. This is a crucial factor for hunters who spend extended periods in the wilderness.
5. **Short Action:** Contributes to faster cycling and follow-up shots, an advantage in hunting situations where quick shots are necessary. The shorter action also reduces the overall weight of the rifle.
6. **Threaded Barrel:** Allows for the attachment of muzzle devices, such as suppressors or muzzle brakes, to further reduce recoil or muzzle flash. This provides shooters with greater flexibility in customizing their rifle.

Accuracy International AXMC .338 Lapua Magnum Features:

1. **Modular Chassis System:** Allows for easy customization and adaptation to different shooting scenarios, providing unparalleled versatility. Shooters can swap out components to tailor the rifle to their specific needs.
2. **Adjustable Cheek Piece and Length of Pull:** Ensures a comfortable and ergonomic shooting position, enhancing accuracy and reducing fatigue. This allows shooters to achieve a consistent and repeatable cheek weld.
3. **Free-Floating Barrel:** Eliminates barrel contact with the chassis, maximizing accuracy and reducing the effects of heat distortion. This ensures consistent accuracy even during rapid firing.
4. **Detachable Box Magazine:** Allows for quick and easy reloading, a critical feature in competitive shooting and tactical applications. This enhances the rifle’s efficiency in high-pressure situations.
5. **Multi-Caliber Capability:** With a simple barrel and bolt change, the AXMC can be converted to other calibers, such as .300 Winchester Magnum or .308 Winchester. This provides shooters with a versatile platform for different shooting disciplines.
6. **Integrated Picatinny Rail:** Provides ample space for mounting optics and accessories, allowing for maximum customization. This ensures compatibility with a wide range of aiming devices and other accessories.
7. **Folding Stock:** Reduces the overall length of the rifle for easier transport and storage, a valuable feature for tactical applications. The folding stock also makes the rifle more compact for use in confined spaces.

Advantages, Benefits, and Real-World Value

Here’s how each rifle delivers value to its users:

Savage 110 .338 Federal:

* **Affordability:** Provides excellent performance at a reasonable price point, making it accessible to a wider range of hunters.
* **Versatility:** Suitable for a variety of hunting scenarios, from deer hunting in wooded areas to elk hunting in the mountains.
* **Manageable Recoil:** Allows for comfortable and accurate shooting, even for recoil-sensitive hunters.
* **Reliability:** Known for its consistent performance and dependability in the field, providing peace of mind to hunters.
* **Easy to Customize:** Compatible with a wide range of aftermarket accessories, allowing hunters to personalize their rifle to their specific needs.

Accuracy International AXMC .338 Lapua Magnum:

* **Unmatched Accuracy:** Delivers consistent sub-MOA accuracy, making it a top choice for precision shooting and long-range engagements. Users consistently report exceptional accuracy, even at extreme distances.
* **Extreme Range:** Capable of engaging targets at 1000 yards and beyond with consistent accuracy and terminal performance.
* **Durability:** Built to withstand the rigors of demanding environments, ensuring reliable performance in any situation. The robust construction ensures long-term reliability.
* **Modularity:** Allows for easy customization and adaptation to different shooting scenarios, providing unparalleled versatility. The modular design allows for quick and easy changes to the rifle’s configuration.
* **Multi-Caliber Capability:** Can be converted to other calibers, providing a versatile platform for different shooting disciplines. This reduces the need for multiple rifles.

Comprehensive Review: Savage 110 .338 Federal and Accuracy International AXMC .338 Lapua Magnum

Savage 110 .338 Federal Review:

The Savage 110 in .338 Federal offers a compelling blend of performance, affordability, and practicality for the discerning hunter. Its user-friendly design and manageable recoil make it a pleasure to shoot, while its inherent accuracy ensures ethical and effective harvests. The AccuTrigger system is a standout feature, allowing for precise trigger adjustments that enhance shot control. In our experience, the Savage 110 is a reliable and accurate rifle that performs consistently in the field. It is easy to load and unload and requires very little maintenance.

**Pros:**

1. **Excellent Value:** Offers exceptional performance for its price point.
2. **Manageable Recoil:** Makes it comfortable to shoot, even for extended periods.
3. **Accurate:** Delivers consistent accuracy for ethical hunting.
4. **Reliable:** Known for its dependable performance in the field.
5. **Easy to Customize:** Compatible with a wide range of aftermarket accessories.

**Cons:**

1. **Basic Stock:** The factory stock may not be ideal for all shooters.
2. **Limited Range:** Not ideal for long-range hunting beyond 400 yards.
3. **Aesthetics:** The overall aesthetics may not appeal to all shooters.

**Ideal User Profile:** Hunters seeking a versatile, accurate, and affordable rifle for medium to large game at moderate ranges.

**Key Alternatives:** Ruger American Rifle, Tikka T3x Lite.

**Expert Overall Verdict & Recommendation:** The Savage 110 .338 Federal is an excellent choice for hunters seeking a reliable and accurate rifle at a reasonable price. We highly recommend it for those who prioritize practicality and performance over aesthetics.

Accuracy International AXMC .338 Lapua Magnum Review:

The Accuracy International AXMC in .338 Lapua Magnum represents the pinnacle of precision rifle engineering. Its modular design, exceptional accuracy, and rugged construction make it a top choice for competitive shooters, law enforcement, and military snipers. The AXMC is a joy to shoot, with its smooth bolt action and comfortable ergonomics. However, its high price point and substantial recoil make it a less practical choice for casual shooters. The AXMC delivers on its promise to be accurate at long range.

**Pros:**

1. **Unmatched Accuracy:** Delivers consistent sub-MOA accuracy at extreme distances.
2. **Extreme Range:** Capable of engaging targets at 1000 yards and beyond.
3. **Durability:** Built to withstand the rigors of demanding environments.
4. **Modularity:** Allows for easy customization and adaptation to different shooting scenarios.
5. **Multi-Caliber Capability:** Can be converted to other calibers for added versatility.

**Cons:**

1. **High Price Point:** Significantly more expensive than other rifles.
2. **Substantial Recoil:** Can be challenging for some shooters to manage.
3. **Weight:** Relatively heavy, making it less comfortable to carry for extended periods.
4. **Specialized Use:** Best suited for long-range shooting and tactical applications.

**Ideal User Profile:** Competitive shooters, law enforcement, and military snipers who require the ultimate in precision and reliability.

**Key Alternatives:** Barrett MRAD, Sako TRG 42.

**Expert Overall Verdict & Recommendation:** The Accuracy International AXMC .338 Lapua Magnum is the ultimate precision rifle for those who demand the best. While its high price point and substantial recoil may limit its appeal to some, its unmatched accuracy and reliability make it a worthwhile investment for serious shooters.

Insightful Q&A Section

Here are some frequently asked questions about the .338 Federal and .338 Lapua Magnum:

1. **Q: What is the effective range difference between the .338 Federal and .338 Lapua Magnum for hunting elk?**
**A:** The .338 Lapua Magnum generally extends the ethical hunting range for elk by 200-300 yards compared to the .338 Federal, assuming similar bullet weights and shot placement. The .338 Lapua’s higher velocity retains more energy at longer distances, ensuring adequate penetration.

2. **Q: Can the .338 Federal be used for long-range target shooting, or is it strictly a hunting cartridge?**
**A:** While primarily a hunting cartridge, the .338 Federal can be used for target shooting out to moderate ranges (400-600 yards). However, its trajectory and wind drift will be more pronounced than the .338 Lapua Magnum, requiring more skill and experience.

3. **Q: Is it possible to reload both the .338 Federal and .338 Lapua Magnum? Are there any significant differences in the reloading process?**
**A:** Yes, both cartridges can be reloaded. The .338 Lapua Magnum requires more attention to detail due to its higher pressures and larger case capacity. Reloading components for the .338 Lapua Magnum are also generally more expensive.

4. **Q: Which cartridge is better suited for hunting dangerous game, such as brown bear or African plains game?**
**A:** The .338 Lapua Magnum is generally preferred for hunting dangerous game due to its higher energy and penetration capabilities. Its ability to deliver consistent performance at longer ranges provides a margin of safety in potentially dangerous situations.

5. **Q: What is the typical barrel life expectancy for rifles chambered in .338 Federal and .338 Lapua Magnum?**
**A:** The .338 Lapua Magnum typically has a shorter barrel life (1500-2000 rounds) due to its higher pressures and velocities. The .338 Federal, with its lower pressures, can typically achieve 2500-3000 rounds of barrel life.

6. **Q: Are there any specific bullet types that are recommended for use in the .338 Federal and .338 Lapua Magnum?**
**A:** For hunting, controlled-expansion bullets, such as Barnes TSX or Nosler AccuBond, are recommended for both cartridges. For long-range target shooting, high-ballistic coefficient bullets, such as Berger VLD or Hornady ELD Match, are preferred.

7. **Q: What is the best way to mitigate recoil when shooting the .338 Lapua Magnum?**
**A:** Recoil can be mitigated through the use of a muzzle brake, a recoil pad, and proper shooting technique. A heavier rifle also helps to absorb recoil. Expert shooters often recommend a combination of these techniques.

8. **Q: What are the key factors to consider when choosing between the .338 Federal and .338 Lapua Magnum for a specific hunting trip?**
**A:** Consider the size of the game, the expected shooting distances, the terrain, and your personal recoil tolerance. If you are hunting large game at long ranges in open terrain, the .338 Lapua Magnum is a better choice. If you are hunting medium game at moderate ranges in wooded terrain, the .338 Federal is a more practical option.

9. **Q: How does the cost of ammunition affect the overall cost of ownership for rifles chambered in .338 Federal and .338 Lapua Magnum?**
**A:** The higher cost of .338 Lapua Magnum ammunition can significantly increase the overall cost of ownership, especially for frequent shooters. The .338 Federal, with its more affordable ammunition, is a more economical option for high-volume shooting.

10. **Q: What are the common misconceptions about the .338 Federal and .338 Lapua Magnum?**
**A:** A common misconception is that the .338 Federal is simply a .308 Winchester necked up to .338, ignoring the optimized powder capacity and bullet designs. For the .338 Lapua, a common misconception is that its recoil is unmanageable for most shooters; proper technique and equipment can mitigate this significantly.

Conclusion

In the debate of .338 Federal vs .338 Lapua, there is no single “winner.” The best cartridge for you depends on your specific needs and shooting preferences. The .338 Federal offers a versatile and manageable option for hunting medium to large game at moderate ranges, while the .338 Lapua Magnum excels in long-range shooting scenarios. Both cartridges are capable of delivering exceptional performance when used within their intended applications. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each cartridge is crucial for making an informed decision. We hope this comprehensive guide has provided you with the knowledge and insights necessary to choose the right cartridge for your next shooting adventure. We’ve strived to provide an expert, evidence-based overview of these two powerful cartridges. Choosing between .338 Federal vs .338 Lapua comes down to understanding your specific shooting needs.

Share your experiences with the .338 Federal and .338 Lapua Magnum in the comments below! Explore our advanced guide to long-range shooting techniques for more in-depth information.